Table of contents
Poem / Expressions

Rock Drawings

A Tohono O’odham poet and linguist reflects on the stories and wisdom ancestors communicated—how people survived, how they dispersed and differentiated, how they remember.
A photograph features a large desert plain scattered with brush and cacti with a sun setting behind a distant horizon lined with mountains.

To the right of the sun lies Baboquivari Peak, home of I’itoi for the Tohono O’odham Nation.

Alex Derr/Flickr

“Rock Drawings” is part of the collection Indigenizing What It Means to Be Human. Read the introduction to the collection here.

“The mountains are like handrails.”
—The late Danny Lopez, a Tohono O’odham elder

This would have been a good place to stay a while

there is water nearby.

People staying would have left marks on rocks

to say, “We came through here.”

Or people might have left a symbol to say,

“Stayed here for one season.”

In the worst of times whatever those might have been—floods, famine

Signs were left that said, “Don’t follow us.

We need to be on our own.

This is how we will all survive.”

The marks on the rocks go on to say,

“We will resemble you in many ways

but over time there will be differences.

Those differences make us all strong.

We will remember the songs, prayers, and language we were given.

Over time they too will change.

The essence, parts of the rhythm will always remind us of when we left you.

We didn’t want to leave.

We had to leave.

To survive we had to leave.

Ofelia Zepeda is Tohono O’odham and a Regents’ Professor of Linguistics at the University of Arizona. She is a recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship for her work in American Indian language education and recovery. Zepeda is the author of A Tohono O’odham Grammar, and three books of poetry: Ocean Power: Poems From the Desert, Jewed ’I-hoi/Earth Movements, and Where Clouds Are Formed. Her work also appeared in When the Light of The World Was Subdued, Our Songs Came Through, edited by U.S. Poet Laureate Joy Harjo.

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